Cedar port wall paste
Function of the walls
Basically, the wall in Iran was used because of the separation of the inside from the outside, the city from the outside of the city, the poem of chaos and the familiar from the unfamiliar, and perhaps the phrase one sky and two earths can be used in this regard. Is different. The route of the city walls also generally followed the natural factors in the area, and only where the natural boundaries could not protect the city, the artificial wall became more important. These artificial walls were made in different shapes, sometimes geometric and regular, and sometimes non-geometric and amorphous. For example, the city of Ardeshir Khoreh Firoozabad, a round wall with a diameter of 2 km has covered it. One of the many non-geometric examples is the city of Bam.
The main function of the wall has been to provide security and defense of the city, but at the same time, it has also served as a restraining and deterrent element. It has prevented undesirable and unplanned development, as well as demolition and construction on farms and agricultural lands on the outskirts of cities. In fact, the city wall has been used as a lever to control the city.
In other words, the wall supports the organized management that is used to create the inner balance of the city.
Thus, in the past, through potential and actual natural capacities through streams, rivers, elevations, or special artificial elements such as fences and fortifications, a major part of the need for urban security has been met.
Cedar wall
The wall and the cedar tower are located on the height of a hill at km 5 of the Khamir-Bandar Abbas road. This wall belongs to the Zandieh-Qajar period. There is no picture of it in historical books and sources, only in the book of Sadid al-Saltanah Kababi in the section that talks about the port of Khamir, he also gives a description of this wall: It is a wall that has been pulled to the sea with stones and mortar from the top of the mountain. Almost along the king’s hundred steps, four trenches and two towers and gates have been placed for that wall to prevent the enemy from entering, but all of them are on the verge of destruction. “It is common in the rumors of its inhabitants that this foundation was named by Khajeh Mohammad Taher.
Regarding the construction period, it is mentioned in the same book that “… In the south and at the beginning of the neighborhood, there is a hill known as Zaki Khan. »
Since in the book of Sadid al-Saltanah, the construction of the cedar wall has been attributed to Khajeh Mohammad Taher, and this Khajeh was the sheriff of Dejgan before Khawanin Bastak, this building was probably built in the Zandieh or Afshari period.
Elsewhere, towers and a defensive wall on the way to Bandar Abbas are mentioned, but the number of towers is three and several other towers near them are also mentioned. Also, the structural materials of stone and gypsum are mentioned.
“Between the village of Pol, which is located three farsakhs on the east side of Khamir, and the port of Khamir, three strong towers made of plaster and stone have been built in three mountains, and several other towers have been built in a straight line from the side of the road to the towers at the top of the mountain. At the foot of the tower, which is located on the side of the road, fell a tube of involuntary cannonballs (vehicles) and other tools that 27 years ago, when Hossein Khan Baharlou went to loot those plates, they took the ball from the dough to the place where “It has remained and has changed over time.”
The current state of the cedar wall
At present, only about 60 meters of the wall with variable height remains and about 70 meters is completely destroyed and its structural materials are poured on the ground and only indicates the line of the wall. The thickness of the wall at the bases is 75-60 cm and at the top of the wall it reaches 15 cm, and even in some parts the thickness at the base is low. About a hundred meters from it, there is a tower with a diameter of about two meters and a wall attached to it about ten meters. The construction of the road has cut the wall. Along the wall towards the mangrove forests, the stone remains of the wall can still be found.
The access route was made easy in 2006 by the General Directorate of Cultural Heritage, Tourism and Handicrafts with the construction of stone steps. These stairs are only for access to the cedar wall.
Cedar tower and wall 1
Cedar tower and wall number one is located at an altitude of 193 meters above sea level. Remains along the cedar defensive wall and part of the tower remain in the form of rubble, and this structure is located about 200 meters above the ground and can be reached from the road of the telecommunication station. Its cultural period is Zandieh-Qajar.
Cedar Shelter
This shelter is located at an altitude of 102 meters above sea level and at a distance of 80 meters above the wall of Cedar, there is a 1-hole in the heart of Cedar Mountain, north of the telecommunication station. Which was used as a resting place for guards or as a hideout and place of surveillance. The cultural period of Sedar Shelter is also Zandieh-Qajar.
Cedar tower and wall 2
This building is located 5 km east of Khamir port and in the north of Bandar Abbas-Khamir road in Sedar heights, which is limited to the main road and the sea shore from the south. This building has been extended for a long time from the heights to the ground level and to the beach and its direction is north-south. Another part of this building, which was separated due to the destruction of the wall, is about one hundred meters from the cedar wall, which includes the tower and part of the wall.
The length of the cedar wall is currently 87 meters, the thickness is 35 centimeters and the average height is 105 meters. This wall has a tower measuring 3.2 meters, which has been destroyed.
Remains of the other part of the wall, which is located 100 meters east of the cedar wall, has an almost oval tower with a diameter of 6 meters, which is now 80 cm high and 1.5 meters from the wall attached to the tower.
There are 10 × 10 and 8 × 10 beams in the cedar wall. The materials used in the cedar wall are amorphous stones and mortar.
Remains of the continuation of the wall can be seen on the beach, which is about 212 meters and three towers have been used in it, the distance between the towers from south to north is 82.65 and 65 meters. The length of this wall is estimated to be 400 meters from the highest part of the cedar heights. A number of pottery pieces have been collected around the wall.
Wall structure
In terms of load-bearing walls, there are two types of load-bearing and non-load-bearing in the building. Load-bearing walls are called columns or column bases and non-load-bearing walls are called sprays. Non-load-bearing walls mostly play a separating role, so that if they are removed from the building, they have no effect on the static of the building and can even be removed. In cedar walls, the walls bear only their load and can be placed in the category of press walls.
Presses are called simple and smooth walls. Therefore, there is no support to prevent the wall from slipping and also no vertical and horizontal coils are placed along the wall. The structure of the wall is made of carcass stones and slates, which have used carcass stones for filling, and the mortar used is lime gypsum mortar.
Resources:
– Mohammad Ali Khan Sadid al-Saltanah Bandar Abbasi Kababi. Correction: Ahmad Eghtedari. Publisher: Amirkabir, Tehran, 2007
* Report: Abbas Norouzi / Acting Deputy Minister of Cultural Heritage of Hormozgan Province
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