Determinism and certainty in the Chinese bloc; An Overview of Security Philosophy in China Blockchain Networks

The Chinese block is undoubtedly one of the most important innovations of the last century, which has surprised technology experts with its unique features and has opened its way to public life. The existence of capabilities such as decentralization, resistance to censorship, and security in the Chinese bloc has received much attention; But there is another feature of this technology that is no less important than the other features, and that is “determinism and certainty.”

Algebraism means that if we perform the same operational steps in a certain order, we will reach exactly the same conclusion that if anyone else follows that process, we will reach the same result. This feature, while simple, is of great importance; But perhaps it’s because of this simplicity that it gets less attention or talk about.

In this article we will help Content According to the Surin website, we examine the principle of determinism in the Chinese bloc. This feature is one of the principles that all blockchain networks follow and makes blockchain power. Stay with us.

Introduction

Benefits such as decentralization and transparency are discussed in most of the articles published on China Blockchain technology; But it is rare to read about determinism. Algebraism, on the other hand, is a key mechanism that is the source of all the other features of the blockchain.

Perhaps this is because some people find determinism in the Chinese bloc too obvious and see no reason to talk about it; While others have no knowledge of it and are not aware of its existence.

In this article, we try to clarify how it works and the importance of determinism in the Chinese bloc; So let’s start with the basics:

An unrelated example: the game of two wise men in ancient India

Algebraism is based on the philosophical belief that all events in the universe have a definite background and are determined by previous reasons. In other words:

The events of the world depend on a cause-and-effect relationship, and every state that occurs for a being or an object can be explained according to a certain pattern.

Two wise men of ancient India decided to test their strength in the game of chess. The whole empire was predicting the outcome of the game, and the people wanted to learn from the skills of these sages. In this regard, a detailed report was prepared of all the movements performed during the competition; Unfortunately, the game did not end due to an attack on a neighboring land.

Now imagine that a chessboard similar to the one mentioned in our story is still in the museum and the game report is still available. Since the game of chess has a fixed initial state and a series of definite movements, according to the existing report of the game, the pieces can be re-arranged and the same game can be associated; Even if centuries are old and we are going to use new beads and plates.

Thanks to this feature of the game of chess, we can study the techniques of both players, return the game to any point before it stops, and even continue to play instead.

Because of the certainty, the location, the game screen or the game time does not matter and the rules are always the same.

A related example

The term determinism in computer science refers to a system in which the past state of the system determines its current state and the current state of the system determines its future state.

Algebraism means that if we perform the same operational steps in a certain order, we achieve exactly the same situation that others reach after performing the same steps. This feature makes the China block what it is now.

Decentralization and resistance to censorship in the Chinese bloc are basically possible; Because every node in the network approves every transaction in a definite way and everyone agrees on the current state of the system.

For example, when new blockchain users create a blockchain-based wallet, they will have to wait for the wallet software to sync with the current blockchain status. This synchronization is a necessary step for wallet users to interact with the Chinese blockchain.

Having a fully synchronized wallet ensures that all funds are received and sent according to network rules and that all transactions are valid. The history of these transactions is then stored in the China block so that all full nodes can confirm it. They are also given full control over users’ funds and no third party can block or transfer them.

Users’ control over their funds is guaranteed by using public and private key cryptography. Having a public or private key means that no one other than the original owner can register a transaction.

This is the process by which all nodes reach the same state that prevents a double-spending attack; Thus, it can be said that the total strength of the Chinese bloc and its ability to withstand the onslaught of double spending stems from the deterministic nature of the Chinese bloc.

Algebraism in the Chinese blockchain area refers to the fact that all nodes in the network generate the same transaction command. Any difference between the nodes in the same operation will lead to the failure of the consensus between them. In this case, storing this data in the distributed general ledger also leads to inconsistencies in the general ledger.

All new full nodes joining the China Blockchain network will have to review all past operations to eventually reach the same status as the existing full nodes in the general office. For example, if you decide to become a full node in the RSK blockchain, you should sync all the blocks in the RSK history and check all the smart contracts in this chain before you start validating and processing new blocks as a node. do.

To better understand this, note that due to its determinism feature, the RSK blockchain does not allow third-party APIs to be called. The illegality of third-party APIs must be recorded and implemented directly in the consensus layer; Because a node can never be sure that the API is always available or running properly.

What if one or more countries cancel this API due to local internet filtering policies? How can you run an RSK node when this API, which was previously used in some transactions, does not work for some people on the network?

The API can report that, for example, on August 30, 2019, the two countries entered into a trade agreement. This report will later be part of the validation chain. At the same time, if the API in another country is stopped and nodes in that country no longer report the trade agreement, it will no longer be possible for them to validate the Chinese block.

However, you may also use a third-party API in a smart contract by connecting an Oracle as an off-chain data source. This means transferring data outside the China Blockchain to a smart contract within the China Blockchain without running third-party APIs in the China Blockchain consensus layer.

Blockchains do not agree on any of the factors that are unique to the end user. For example, a consensus law based on random numbers generated locally in a full node device does not work; Because the result is different in each user’s computer and causes all users to be disconnected from the network.

To achieve consensus in the Chinese blockchain network, all users must share the same data and be able to use the data to calculate the same results through the same protocols and with the same consensus rules. This means determinism in the Chinese bloc.

Conclusion

Determinism is one of the essential elements to strengthen the two basic characteristics of blockchain, namely decentralization and resistance to censorship.

If past transactions do not produce the same result each time they are executed, it is impossible to reach a consensus, no matter where or by whom the transaction is made. In other words, blockchains lose their integrated data resistance to manipulation.

The determinism and consensus process that occurs in all blockchains ensures the security of users’ digital assets, eliminating the need for these networks to rely on third parties for security.