The construction of the first base of the great historical wall of Gorgan began

Director General of Cultural Heritage, Tourism and Handicrafts of Golestan said: The executive operation of the first base of the Great Wall of Gorgan on Tuesday, along with archaeological studies, restoration and restoration of part of its defense facilities in order to provide the necessary ground for world registration of the longest historical monument in the north The province began. Ahmad Tajri said in an interview with IRNA today: “This base is being built with the focus on research, protection and tourism services in Gomishan city, within the village of Qala-e-Jig-e Bozorg.”

He said: The decision to build this base based on the size of the Great Wall of Gorgan and related facilities and the global capacity of this valuable work and also providing the necessary ground for its global registration, the construction of this base with the coordination and assistance of relevant executive bodies at national levels , Provincial and local has begun.

He stated: for the construction and equipping of this base, the amount of 13 billion and 949 million Rials from the national budget credits of the year 1999 has been approved and allocated.

The Great Wall of Gorgan or the Great Wall of Alexander or the Red Wall, which was called the Red Snake in ancient texts, is a historical wall that started from the Caspian Sea in the Gomishan area and continued to the Glidagh Mountains northeast of Kalaleh.

The entire wall has now been partially destroyed, but only small parts of it remain buried underground.

The Great Wall of Gorgan is the largest defense wall in the world after the Great Wall of China (6,000 km long), which is 200 km long and was nationally registered on July 20, 1978.

Director General of Cultural Heritage, Tourism and Handicrafts of Golestan said: This base will be built on a land with an area of ​​900 square meters and 332 square meters of infrastructure.

Tajri emphasized: The building of the first base of the Great Wall of Gorgan with a rectangular square map, similar to the castles of the Great Wall of Gorgan, is designed as a single floor and includes sections such as lecture and film hall, archeological objects exhibition, photo and painting exhibition, cultural products booth, handicrafts booth , Is a prayer hall, teahouse, etc., which introduces the capacities of the region with the focus on the Great Wall of Gorgan.

The wall was first photographed by American archaeologist Eric Schmidt. This archaeologist was photographing the ancient sites of Iran with his plane in 1315 and 1316. In the Gorgan region, he saw a red wall that stretches from the Caspian Sea to the Glidagh Mountains. He photographed this wall, and these photographs are a document for archaeologists’ research. Iranians and foreigners became on this wall.

He pointed out: The General Directorate of Cultural Heritage, Tourism and Handicrafts of Golestan, together with global and national databases, is trying to provide the minimum presence of information and welfare facilities for all researchers and tourists in historical and cultural places and sites.

He continued: Construction and equipment of small and large bases in several points along the Great Wall of Gorgan and within the villages of eligible and enjoying in the three areas of cultural heritage, tourism and handicrafts with the aim of introducing scientific, research, heritage and heritage achievements Tangible and intangible culture, the provision of services and the development of tourism and sustainable employment are implemented with the cooperation of educated citizens and villagers and the people’s associations, the executive body.

At present, the Hyrcanian Forest and the Qaboos Tower are two UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

The Great Wall of Gorgan, along with its affiliated facilities, is one of thousands of landmarks built with brick and clay materials during the Sassanid Empire to prevent the invasion of tribes in northeastern Iran and to secure the Silk Road, the comfort of traders and peasants.

Numerous historical sources refer to the construction of the Great Wall of Gorgan and related facilities and a lot of information has been obtained from archaeological excavations of the Great Wall of Gorgan, which in order to promote historical tourism, needs to introduce and inform the public with different methods and patterns in the field of cultural heritage. Is.

Full introduction of the Great Wall of Gorgan

Name: Since this wall started in the south of the village (in present-day Turkmenistan) and north of Gomishan and passed near Gorgan and Rudgargan, it was also called by these names. The Swede mentions this name in the ancient hills of the Gorgan plain, it is also called the Red Snake in ancient texts.

Construction: Most historians believe that Anushirvan Sassanid built this wall, but Gardizi in Zain al-Khobar attributes the beginning of its construction to Yazdgerd I and its completion to Anushirvan. Marquardt in the cities of Iran mentions the construction of this wall by Yazdgerd and the construction of the rural city by Narsi Parthian and Kamesh Tappeh by Azhidhak. Saeed Nafisi, in the history of Sassanid Iranian civilization, reports that it was repaired by Maziar, the ruler of Tabarestan. Was.

He wrote in Al-Baldan that Tamisheh and Darband is the first city of Tabarestan from Gorgan Tamish and it is located on the border of Gorgan and has a large gate from which none of the people of Tabarestan can get out and enter Gorgan except from this gate because a wall of Bricks and lime have been stretched from the mountains to the heart of the sea and that wall was built by Khosrow Anoshirvan to keep the Turks from plundering Tabarestan and there is a lot of people in Tamish.

Many experts believe that the historic wall of Gorgan was built at the same time as the Great Wall of China, and that these two buildings were built to counter a group of invaders called the Heptals who were entering from the north.

Ibn Esfandiar, the father of the history of Mazandaran and the author of the history of Tabarestan and Rabino, the French author of the Qajar period, in their books mentioned the construction of this wall to Farkhan the Great, who was from the Dabuigan dynasty of Tabaristan.

All historians, scholars and historians believe that this wall was built to prevent the invasion of nomadic tribes, and Ibn Khordadbeh in Masalak and Al-Mamalak mentioned the conquest of this wall by the Sultan of the Turks, and Tha’labi in pride. Moluk Fars and Sirham have written the name of the wall in the gate of Sol or the gate of Sol.

Location: Remains of the Gorgan wall buried under the ground, and in fact the great wall of Alexander begins on the shores of the lost hill south of the Atrak River and north of the port of Turkmen, but its end is not clear. The estuary of Gorgan river, Khoja Lor village, Glidagh mountains or the peak of Aliabad Katoul mountain is mentioned as the end of this wall.

Size: There are various figures about the length of this wall, from 5 to 180 miles, which may be due to the destruction of parts of the wall as well as its fragmentation. In this case, Najib Bakran refers to the wall that continues from Dargaz to Sarakhs and says: “It is not clear whether it is either from the wall itself or it is another wall.”

Materials used to build or wall material: There is a variety of talk about wall material; Blazeri has mentioned it from stone and lead, Ibn Faqih from brick and lime, Ibn Khordadbeh from brick and plaster, Ferdowsi from stone and plaster, Tha’alabi from marble (part of it) and Najib Bakran from baked clay to build this wall. But part of the wall that came out of the ground in the village of Gogjeh (north of Kalaleh) is made of large bricks.

Studies by a group of Iranian archaeologists and archaeologists from the Universities of Edinburgh and Durham show that tens of millions of brick molds were used to build this massive wall. They found evidence of numerous brick kilns and workshops along and near the wall Provides a very large industrial workshop for the construction of this wall.

An estimated 30,000 troops could be stationed along the wall.

Archaeologists have sampled and tested the ashes and coals left in brick kilns, showing that the wall dates back to the fifth and sixth centuries AD.

Background: This wall, which is made of red clay bricks, dates back to the Sassanid period. An archeological team composed of Iranian and British researchers succeeded in determining the date of its construction in the fifth or sixth century AD. The Sassanid kings, who had constant wars with the Eastern Roman Empire, were also threatened by the Huns and other northern tribes from the north, so the wall could penetrate these tribes into Iran between the Caucasus Mountains and the Caspian Sea coastline. To close.

Pirooz, the Sassanid king from 459 to 484 AD, while fighting the White Huns, spent some time intermittently in the Gorgan region, on which basis he and probably another Sassanid king (before or after him) to protect the plain. Gorgan’s fertility against the Huns has built this wall.

Research on one of the forts or barracks of this defensive wall shows that it was active for at least a century after its construction, and there are signs of the presence of soldiers in it, but then it was abandoned for some reason.

Among the reasons for the abandonment of these defense facilities could be the need for more troops to fight the Byzantine Empire or to resist the Arab invasion.

Historical significance: This wall is longer than the Hadrian Wall, built by Emperor Hadrian on the English-Scottish border, and is more than a thousand years older than many parts of the Great Wall of China.

This wall is thought to be the third largest historical wall (after the Great Wall of China and the Great Wall of Germany) and the largest brick wall in the world.

This wall is also the longest historical monument in Iran, built in 90 years.

Archaeological studies show that the engineering of Iran and the Sassanid Empire competed well with or even surpassed the engineering of the Roman Empire. Recent studies of this wall challenge a European-oriented view of world history.

Gorgan-Central Asia railway cuts a part of the northern and southern part of the historical wall of Gorgan and this wall is divided into 2 halves. It becomes.