Was the world’s largest manuscript Quran written by hand + pictures

Fars News Agency – Art Group: Prince Baisanghar Mirza (802-837 AH), the son of Shahrokh Teymouri and Goharshad Begum, was one of the calligraphers and artists of his time. In the book “Atlas of Line” it is said about the grandson of Amir Timur Gurkhani: Baysanghar Mirza encouraged the artists a lot. In his library, 40 calligraphers, theologians and illustrators were constantly engaged in writing, gilding and painting, and he was in charge of the artists, including “Mirza Jafar”, to whom Baysanghar was very fond and affectionate. Baysanghar Mirza is a student of Shamsuddin in the lines of principles (six pens) and is one of the prominent masters in the line of researcher and third. The inscription in front of the arch of Goharshad Mosque in Mashhad is in his third line, which he wrote at the age of 20 and left a memory of the power and strength of the magic pen.

The writing of the largest Qur’an in Mohaghegh’s handwriting is also his valuable work, some of the pages of which are now available in Astan Quds Razavi Museum, Golestan Palace, National Library, National Museum of Iran, Malek Library and Museum, and some private collections attributed to him. Of the 800 pages of the Quran that Baysanghari had, only about 160 pages are available in Iran.

This Qur’an, which is known as the Baysanghari Qur’an, measures 105 by 187 cm in the open state and is written on Samarkand paper. Of course, throughout history, the margins of all the pages have been cut or added, so the remaining pages of this Qur’an are not the same size.

For example, two sheets of this Quran, which are kept in the National Museum of Iran, each measure 106.5 x 86 cm.

In three lines, a part of Surah Ghafir or Surah Al-Mu’min (Surah 40), including a part of verse 55 and verses 56-57 and a part of verse 58 of this surah, at the end of the verses of gilding, is done in a circle with golden color.

However, the specimens kept in the property library are double-sided, 95.9 cm long and 44 cm wide:

The Baysanghari Qur’an was written in the scholarly script. Zandeyad Habibaullah Fazaeli writes about this line: “Mohaghegh” is a glorious, weighty and large line with regular intervals and without interference and nested, uniform, pure and uniform, with full clarity, is one of the main and original Iranian-Islamic lines. , Which in ancient times was a scale for other lines and the origin of other items. A line is ultimately simplicity and simplicity, one and a half of which is round and four and a half of which is surface.

Among the calligraphers who have left examples of Mohaghegh’s calligraphy are: Yaqut Mustasemi, Nasrullah Tabib, Ahmad Ibn Suhrawardi, Abdullah Sirafi, Baysanghar bin Shahzakh bin Teymour, Sultan Ibrahim bin Shahrokh, Jafar Baysanghari, Aladdin Mohammad Tabrizi, Mir Abi Abadgharq. …

* 7 Probability about writing the Qur’an in Baysanghari

There are several possibilities about writing this Qur’an:

1- Baysanghari Quran has been written by “Omar Aqta” who practiced and took the pen in his left hand due to amputation of his right hand and wrote this exquisite version.

2- Baysanghari Quran was written by “Ibn Muqalla”, the artist minister of the Abbasid court, but he was removed from his position and first his right hand was cut off, then his left hand. However, he cut the pen in his hand and wrote, but his art was not appreciated and instead, his tongue was cut off.

3- Baysanghar Mirza, son of Shahrokh and grandson of Timur, was a brilliant calligrapher who lived only 38 years, but he wrote the inscription of his mother’s mosque (Goharshad) near the Razavi shrine in his own handwriting. Therefore, he wrote the Qur’an himself. Of course, he was a master in the third line, not a researcher.

4- “Ulugh Bey”, another son of Shahrokh and brother of Baysanghar, was the ruler of Samarkand by the order of his father. As a memorizer of the Qur’an, he competed with his brothers in the field of poetry and art, so he ordered the world’s largest manuscript to be written.

5- Nader Shah Afshar brought this Quran with him as booty to Iran and in the wars, he moved ahead of his army and took refuge in it. After he was killed, this Mus’haf was torn to pieces by his soldiers and looted.

6- During the second trip of Nasser al-Din Shah Qajar to Khorasan, this Quran was in the Imamzadeh of Ibrahim Quchan. The king ordered that two leaves be transferred to the Golestan royal palace and that other copies be copied.

7- Hossein Agha Khazaei, the commander of Lashkar-e Sharq to the center of Mashhad, who was a religious person, while visiting the Imamzadeh of Ibrahim Quchan, found 52 pages of the Baysanghari Quran in dirt boxes and was enchanted by that beautiful line. After finding these papers, which were badly damaged, incomplete and broken, he wrote a letter to Sardar Sepah and asked him to transfer this precious treasure to Astan Quds Razavi for restoration and hand it over to the bookbinders and restorers there. The papers were moved to Mashhad and restored, and double frames were prepared to display some of these papers. Some of these papers were gilded by theologians in later periods; A gilding that had no effect on the historical period in terms of style.

Noshad Rokni, an expert in manuscripts, believes that the Baysanghari Qur’an was not written by one person and that we can distinguish at least three different lines based on the style of writing and the movement of the pen and the graphic form of the work.

He believes that the calligrapher of this Qur’an is leftist. It can also be seen from the drawings of the letters “and” and “z” that the calligrapher was someone who was accustomed to the third line.

Therefore, according to these points, its attribution to the “life of the cut” is definitely rejected.

The recreated version of Baysanghari Quran has been published by Astan Quds Razavi

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