What is magnesium sulfate? Benefits and side effects of Magnesium Sulfate

Mineral supplements have received much attention as one of the most important and widely used categories in the science of human nutrition. One of the vital and basic mineral supplements in this field is magnesium sulfate. This mineral supplement, in addition to its nutritional properties, also has a special place in the field of medicine and is used as a medicine. In this article, we will analyze the advantages and disadvantages of using magnesium sulfate as a mineral supplement. We will also examine the various uses of this mineral supplement, including reducing the amount of magnesium in the body, strengthening heart function, and managing seizures.

Pharmaceutical forms of magnesium sulfate

The injection solution is 50%, 40 mg/ml and 80 mg/ml, the injection solution is 1 g/100 ml and 2 g/100 ml. Drugs of the same group include potassium bromide, carbamazepine, felbamate, gabapentin, lamotrigine, lotirastam, xcarbazepine, pregabalin, rufinamide, tiagabine, topiramate, sodium valproate, etc.

Uses of magnesium sulfate

This medicine (Magnesium Sulfate) is a mineral supplement that is used to prevent and treat low amounts of magnesium in the blood. Some of its brands are also used to treat symptoms of excess stomach acid such as upset stomach, heartburn, and acid indigestion. Magnesium is very important for the normal functioning of cells, nerves, muscles, bones and the heart. A balanced diet usually provides normal levels of magnesium in the blood. However, some conditions cause your body to lose magnesium faster than you can replace it.

These conditions include treatment with “water pills” (diuretics such as furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide), poor diet, alcoholism, or other medical conditions (such as severe diarrhea or vomiting, stomach or intestinal absorption problems, uncontrolled diabetes). Some of the most important uses of magnesium sulfate include hypomagnesemia, Torsades de Pointes, pregnancy toxins, premature birth (off-label) and…

Pharmacological effects and mechanism of action of Magnesium Sulfate

The mechanism of action of magnesium sulfate reduces the CNS, blocks peripheral neuromuscular transmission and produces anticonvulsant effects. It reduces the amount of acetylcholine released in the endplate by motor nerve impulses. It also reduces the speed of SA node impulse formation in the myocardium and prolongs the conduction time. It strengthens the movement of calcium, potassium and sodium inside and outside the cells and stabilizes the excitable membranes. Further, it strengthens the osmotic retention of liquid in the large intestine and causes expansion and increase of peristaltic activity, which subsequently leads to emptying of the intestine.

Dosage of Magnesium Sulfate

Before use, check the drug information including the amount and time of use of magnesium sulfate on the drug package. It is better to take magnesium supplements with food to reduce stomach upset and diarrhea. Take each dose with a full glass of water (8 ounces or 240 mL) unless your doctor tells you otherwise. Do not increase your dose or take more than recommended on the package or by your doctor. Too much magnesium in the blood can cause serious side effects. Tell your doctor if symptoms of low magnesium blood levels (such as muscle cramps, fatigue, irritability, depression) persist or worsen. If you think you may have a serious medical problem, see your doctor right away.

Time to take magnesium sulfate medicine

1. For mild hypomagnesemia, 1 gram every 6 hours as an intramuscular injection for 4 doses, for severe symptomatic hypomagnesemia 4-8 grams in 4-5 minutes and for asymptomatic severe hypomagnesemia 4-8 grams.
2. Preeclampsia is prescribed to prevent seizures associated with preeclampsia and to control seizures associated with eclampsia. The dosage is 4-5 grams (diluted in 250 ml of NS/D5W) as an intravenous injection in combination with (a) up to 10 grams (20 ml of undiluted 50% solution) divided and intramuscularly injected into each buttock or (b) After the initial dose of 1-2 grams, it is prescribed as an intravenous injection.
3. Torsades de Pointes with pulse (ACLS), 1-2 g as a slow IV (diluted in 50-100 ml D5W) over 5-60 minutes, then 0.5-1 g per hour as an IV . Also for cardiac arrest (ACLS), 1-2 grams as a slow intravenous injection (diluted in 10 mL of D5W) over 5-20 minutes is used.
4. Preterm labor (off-label), used as a tocolytic to prevent preterm labor. The loading dose is 4-6 grams as an intravenous injection for 20 minutes and the maintenance dose is 4-2 grams per hour intravenously for 12-24 hours tolerable after stopping the contractions.
5. Note that do not exceed 5-7 days of continuous treatment. Longer duration of treatment may lead to hypocalcemia in the developing fetus, resulting in infants with skeletal abnormalities associated with osteopenia.

Magnesium sulfate intake in children

1. Acute nephritis in children, 100 mg/kg as intramuscular injection for 4 to 6 hours or 20 to 40 mg/kg as intramuscular injection is used. Also for severe nephritis 100 to 200 mg/kg as an intravenous injection as a 1-3% solution. Administer the entire dose within 1 hour, a second in the first 15-20 minutes.
2. Children’s hypomagnesemia, use 25-50 mg intramuscularly or intravenously every 4-6 hours for 3-4 doses and oral dose 100-200 mg per kg every 6 hours.
3. Bronchospasm (off-label) in children, 25 to 50 mg/kg is prescribed as an intravenous injection over 10-20 minutes.

Precautions

Before taking magnesium sulfate, if you are allergic to it or other ingredients, avoid using it. This medicine may contain inactive ingredients that can cause allergic reactions or other problems. If you have certain medical history such as kidney disease, digestive problems (stomach or esophageal ulcer), severe constipation or diarrhea, difficulty urinating, lung or liver disorders, etc., consult your doctor regarding the risks of using this medicine. Use caution if you have diabetes, alcohol dependence, liver disease, phenylketonuria (PKU), or any other condition that requires you to limit or avoid these substances in your diet.

1. Fetal skeletal demineralization, hypocalcemia, and hypermagnesemia abnormalities have been reported with long-term continuous use (eg, more than 5-7 days) for the off-label treatment of preterm labor in pregnant women. This effect on the developing fetus may lead to babies with skeletal abnormalities.
2. In patients with renal failure, ensure that renal excretion capacity is not exceeded.
3. Use with extreme caution in patients with myasthenia gravis or other neuromuscular diseases.
4. Hypomagnesemia is usually associated with hypokalemia (potassium levels should be normalized).
5. Consider monitoring kidney function, blood pressure, respiratory rate, and deep tendon reflexes if magnesium sulfate is administered intravenously.
6. If you forget a dose of medicine, use the dose as soon as you remember. If it is close to the next appointment, forget the appointment and continue the medication as before. Do not increase your dose to make up for a missed dose.

Contraindications for magnesium sulfate

1. Hypersensitivity
2. Myocardial damage, diabetic coma, heart block
3. Hypermagnesemia
4. Hypercalcemia
5. Administration within 2 hours before delivery for mothers with toxemia of pregnancy

Side effects of magnesium sulfate

Scaling, pulmonary edema, collapse of blood circulation, depressed reflexes, high blood pressure, drowsiness, etc. are some of the side effects of magnesium sulfate. If any of these effects persist or worsen, tell your doctor or pharmacist right away. If your doctor has prescribed this medicine for you, remember that your doctor has determined that the benefits to you are greater than the risk of side effects. If you notice serious side effects or specific allergic reactions while taking this medicine, stop using the medicine and consult a doctor.

1. circulatory collapse
2. Respiratory paralysis
3. hypothermia
4. pulmonary edema
5. Depressed reflexes
6. high blood pressure
7. hot flashes
8. Drowsiness
9. Depressed heart function
10. getting layered
11. Hypocalcemia
12. Hypophosphatemia
13. hyperkalemia
14. Visual changes

Drug interactions of magnesium sulfate

Drug interactions may change how your medications work or increase your risk of serious side effects. Before going to the doctor, prepare a list of chemical and herbal medicines you use and show him. Sodium cellulose phosphate, digoxin, sodium polystyrene sulfonate, etc. will interfere with magnesium sulfate. Magnesium can bind to some drugs and prevent their complete absorption. If you are using tetracycline-type medications (eg, demeclocycline, doxycycline, minocycline, tetracycline), separate the dosing time from the magnesium supplement dosing time by at least 2 to 3 hours.

If you are taking a bisphosphonate (eg, alendronate), a thyroid medicine (eg, levothyroxine), or a quinolone antibiotic (eg, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin), ask your doctor or pharmacist how long you should wait between doses. . Read the drug information of all the medications you are taking and consult your doctor about possible risks and side effects if there are any interactions.

Consumption of magnesium sulfate (Magnesium Sulfate) during pregnancy and breastfeeding

Fetal skeletal demineralization, hypocalcemia, and hypermagnesemia have been reported with long-term continuous use (eg, more than 5-7 days) for the off-label treatment of preterm labor in pregnant women. This effect on the developing fetus may lead to babies with skeletal abnormalities. The continuous administration of magnesium sulfate injection for the treatment of preterm labor is not approved, and the safety and efficacy of use for this indication have not been established.

Magnesium Sulfate storage conditions

Magnesium sulfate medicine should be stored at room temperature and away from light. It is also important to keep all medications out of the reach of children, as many forms of medication (such as weekly tablets and eye drops, creams, patches, and inhalers) are not child-resistant and can be easily opened by young children. . Unnecessary medications should be disposed of in specific ways to ensure that pets, children, and other people cannot ingest them.

The last word about magnesium sulfate medicine

At the end of this article from Positive Sabz online pharmacy magazine, it should be said that magnesium sulfate as an effective mineral supplement can play an important role in maintaining and improving people’s health. By consulting a doctor and strictly following the instructions for use, people can benefit from the benefits of this mineral supplement and improve their physical condition. But you should keep in mind that this drug has side effects like many supplements or drugs. If you take this drug without a prescription and in excess, it will threaten your health with many risks and side effects.

Site source: Medscape