What is the use of Isosorbide dinitrate tablet?

Isosorbide dinitrate tablets are used to treat cardiovascular diseases. Considering the high importance of this drug and its positive effects on human health, we decided to provide you with complete information about this drug in this article. Stay with us.

Pharmaceutical forms of isosorbide dinitrate

Chemical and herbal medicines produced by pharmaceuticals are produced in various medicinal forms, such as tablets, syrups, capsules, injection solutions, serums, etc. The doctor should prescribe different types of drugs according to the physical conditions, medical records and age of the patient (adults, children and elderly). Isosorbide dinitrate dosage forms include 40 mg extended-release capsules, 2.5 mg and 5 mg sublingual tablets, 5 mg, 10 mg, 20 mg, 30 mg and 40 mg regular tablets. .

Uses of isosorbide dinitrate tablets

Isosorbide dinitrate is used to prevent chest pain (angina) in patients with certain heart disease (coronary artery disease). This drug belongs to a group of drugs known as nitrates. This medicine works by relaxing and dilating the blood vessels so that the blood flows more easily towards the heart. Taking isosorbide dinitrate tablets right before physical activity (such as exercise, sexual activity) is not intended to prevent chest pain, and other medications may be needed in this situation.

Pharmacological effects and mechanism of action of isosorbide dinitrate

Isosorbide dinitrate is a vasodilator agent (donor of nitric oxide); It relaxes smooth muscle through dose-dependent dilation of the arterial and venous beds to reduce both preload and afterload myocardial oxygen demand. It also improves coronary artery collateral circulation, lowers blood pressure, increases heart rate and causes occasional paradoxical bradycardia. This tablet is 100% absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract or oral mucosa and is extensively metabolized in the liver to conjugated metabolites. Finally, it will be excreted through urine and feces.

Dosage of isosorbide dinitrate in angina pectoris

1. For immediate-release therapy, 5-20 mg every 8-12 hours is recommended.
2. Extended release 40 mg initially and 40-80 mg every 8-12 hours for maintenance is recommended.
3. For prevention, 5-5 mg 15 minutes before activities that may cause angina.

Dosage of isosorbide dinitrate tablets

Take this medicine orally as directed by your doctor, usually 2 to 3 times a day. Due to high sensitivity, it is better to take isosorbide dinitrate at certain times of the day. Do not change the time and dosage of the medicine without the doctor’s order. Use this medicine regularly to get the most benefit from it. When this product is used for a long time, it may not work as well and you may need different doses. If your disease does not improve and worsens, stop taking the medicine and see a doctor.

Time to use isosorbide dinitrate

On the packaging of all health and pharmaceutical products, the manufacturer has stated exactly how to use and when to use. For general use, carefully read the pharmaceutical information on the packaging of isosorbide dinitrate (isosorbide dinitrate). Keep in mind that the doctor always prescribes the best prescription for you. By closely examining and observing the disease, the doctor can determine the best dose and time of use for patients so that we can see the least side effects along with the best treatment.

Precautions

If you are allergic to isosorbide dinitrate or similar drugs (such as isosorbide mononitrate, nitroglycerin), avoid using the drug. This product may contain inactive ingredients that can cause allergic reactions or other problems. Patients with medical history such as recent head injury, anemia, low blood pressure, dehydration, other heart problems (such as recent heart attack) etc. should use with caution. Also, before performing tests or surgery, consult your doctor regarding the use of this drug and the possibility of interactions.

1. Allergy to nitrates, head injury or cerebral hemorrhage (probable contraindication), hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, increased intraocular pressure, postural hypotension, acute myocardial infarction (MI), congestive heart failure, hyperthyroidism, etc. should be used with caution.
2. Failure to relieve chest pain after 3 doses may be a sign of acute MI requiring emergency treatment.
3. Long-term tolerance to the formulation may develop and the formulation becomes ineffective after a few weeks.
4. Severe hypotension, especially on standing, occurs in some patients even with small doses. Use with caution in patients whose volume has decreased or who are currently hypotensive. Hypotension caused by isosorbide dinitrate may be associated with paradoxical bradycardia and increased angina pectoris.
5. Nitrate therapy may exacerbate angina caused by hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
6. Treat drug-induced headache with aspirin or acetaminophen.
7. Provide a nitrate-free interval (10-12 hours or overnight) to prevent tolerance.
8. Avoid using extended-release formulations in acute MI or acute heart failure. Side effects cannot be easily reversed if they occur.
9. Avoid use in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with outflow tract obstruction. Nitrates may decrease preload, leading to worsening of obstruction and hypotension or syncope and worsening of heart failure.

Isosorbide dinitrate contraindications

1. Hypersensitivity
2. Recent use (within a few days) of PDE-5 inhibitors (such as avanafil, sildenafil, tadalafil, or vardenafil) can cause a dangerous drop in blood pressure. The time course of the interaction appears to be related to the half-life of the PDE-5 inhibitor
3. Severe anemia, shock, markedly low blood pressure (BP)
4. Concomitant use with guanylate stimulant riociguat

Side effects of isosorbide dinitrate tablets

Headache, dizziness, lightheadedness, nausea and flushing may occur as your body adapts to isosorbide dinitrate tablets. If any of these effects persist or worsen, tell your doctor or pharmacist right away. Some doctors also prescribe over-the-counter pain relievers (such as acetaminophen, aspirin) to treat headaches. If the headache persists or becomes severe, tell your doctor right away. Some of the serious side effects of this product include fainting, rapid or irregular heartbeat, skin rashes, itching or swelling (especially in the face and tongue), severe dizziness, breathing problems, etc.

1. Cardiovascular complications: rebound hypertension (uncommon), syncope, flare-up of unstable angina, hypotension or orthostatic hypotension, lightheadedness, palpitations, tachyarrhythmias
2. Central Nervous System (CNS): Dizziness, headache, restlessness, weakness
3. Gastrointestinal (GI): Nausea
4. Hematological: methemoglobinemia (rare)

Drug interactions of isosorbide dinitrate

Drug interactions may change how your medications work or increase your risk of serious side effects. Prepare a list of your chemical and herbal medicines and show them to the doctor so that you can stop taking some of them if necessary. Medicines for the treatment of erectile dysfunction, high blood pressure or pulmonary hypertension (such as sildenafil, tadalafil), special medicines for the treatment of migraine headaches (ergot alkaloids such as ergotamine), riociguat, variciguat, etc. will cause drug interactions with isosorbide dinitrate tablets.

Some products contain ingredients that can make your heart failure worse. Tell your pharmacist what products you use and ask how to safely use medications such as cough and cold products, diet aids, or NSAIDs such as ibuprofen and naproxen. This medication may interfere with some lab tests (such as blood cholesterol levels) and possibly cause false test results. Make sure that the laboratory personnel and all your doctors are aware of the use of this medicine.

Taking isosorbide dinitrate tablets during pregnancy and breastfeeding

Pregnant women should not take any medicine during pregnancy without a doctor’s prescription. In animal studies of the drug isosorbide dinitrate, no risk or serious side effects of this product have been reported in pregnant women and fetuses. Also, there is no specific information regarding the effects of this drug on breast milk production.

Isosorbide dinitrate storage conditions

Isosorbide dinitrate should be stored at room temperature away from light and moisture. Keep all chemical and herbal medicines out of the reach of children and animals. Dispose of this medicine properly when it has expired or is no longer needed. Avoid pouring all kinds of medicines into the toilet, street and sewer.

The last word about isosorbide dinitrate tablets

In this article from the magazine of Positive Green Pharmacy, we examined the details and uses of the drug isosorbide dinitrate. This chemical compound with a unique structure and suitable physicochemical properties plays an important role in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. As a vascular vasodilator, the drug isosorbide dinitrate dilates blood vessels and lowers blood pressure. This basic function is very effective in the treatment of various heart diseases such as angina pectoris and nitrate connected to other drugs, especially in high blood pressure. However, the use of this drug requires a doctor’s prescription to avoid side effects.

Site source: Medscape