Fars News Agency Social Group The planet on which we live has a natural disaster from time to time. These disasters, also known as natural disasters, may occur in a specific area each time.
A natural disaster is a set of harmful events that have no human origin. These events are usually unpredictable or at least have not been predicted for a long time. So far, more than 40 cases of these incidents have been identified, a large percentage of which have occurred in Iran.
Earthquakes are one of the most important and devastating natural disasters that happen from time to time and if there is no necessary preparation, it can cause heavy casualties and financial losses.
Regarding the education of citizens during, before and after the earthquake, we sat down to talk with Jalal Maleki, spokesman for the Tehran Municipality Fire Department.
Given that there is a possibility of an earthquake in Tehran at any time, what training should citizens see to reduce the damage caused by the earthquake?
Natural disasters occur in all countries of the world, and experience has shown that the best way to prevent further damage and loss is prevention along with effective, new and permanent training. Of course, the responsibility of government and non-government agencies, institutions and officials in providing appropriate infrastructure should not be overlooked.
But education is the most effective way to control these events. In this regard, educational institutions, especially education, as well as the media have a very important role. One of the most difficult and dangerous crises is earthquakes. So far, no official authority has been able to predict the earthquake, and due to the magnitude and high destructive power of the earthquake, the number of casualties as well as the damage caused by it is very high.
Earthquake-related measures are divided into three categories: pre-earthquake measures, during-earthquake measures, and post-earthquake measures.
What should people do before an earthquake occurs?
When buying a building for work or living, citizens should make sure that the building is built on the principles of safety and engineering and has the necessary strength, and if necessary, with the necessary permits and advice of qualified engineers, to strengthen the building. .
Also, industrial centers and even buildings can use automatic devices to automatically cut off energy (electricity and gas) in the event of an earthquake. With the help of safety advisers, people learn appropriate earthquake response techniques and teach them to others, especially children.
I must say that public places such as offices, hotels, barracks, residential complexes, etc. should designate a place as a safe place (SAFTY AREA) and mark it for the attendees in which in the event of an earthquake quickly Place to gather.
What should citizens prepare for the earthquake in their homes and workplaces? Do they need to always have equipment in the car?
Citizens should be aware of the dangers of earthquakes at work and in their lives, and remember the location of their unit and building energy outlets, including the main gas, water, and electricity meters. Know and identify strong points of the place. Identify safe places and municipal service centers (crisis shelters, relief bases, fire brigades, etc.) near your work and living place and heavy objects that are likely to fall (cupboards, lampshades, large signs) Fasten to the wall with bolts.
Make sure the fixtures are suspended from the ceiling, such as chandeliers and ceiling fans, and cover the windows with frosted sheets or wide adhesives, and prepare an earthquake bag (precautionary pack) and place it in a safe and accessible place. Put as much as possible. Everyone in the family should know where the earthquake bag is. The contents of this bag should be proportional to the number of family members. Includes cans, drinking water, first aid supplies, radios and batteries, copies of family members identification documents, etc. The contents should be consumed and replaced before they spoil. Citizens should prepare an earthquake bag for their car and put it under a seat. Put the driver.
How much can attending training maneuvers help in the event of an earthquake?
Citizens should not forget to learn the necessary training and participate in training maneuvers. Practice the lessons learned, especially sheltering during an earthquake, at home and in the presence of family members.
Plan a specific place with family members to find each other in that place after the earthquake and if they get lost.
What should people do when an earthquake strikes? Do they leave home immediately and take to the streets?
During an earthquake, citizens have only a few seconds to get to safety. So stay calm and in such cases success is with those who have already identified the safe places of their place.
If there is a sturdy table in place, go under it. Hold the table with one hand and protect your head and neck with the other. Avoid running towards the stairs and using the elevator.
Citizens should not be placed near windows, doors and glass cabinets, and should avoid shelves and heavy objects such as statues and cabinets that are likely to fall. If there is no suitable place for shelter, they should be placed in front of the wall pillars or three corners of the wall and protect their head and neck with any means. If something is not available, do it with your hands.
Indoor or work hallways, toilets, and narrow spaces where walls are shorter are a good place to take shelter. Talk to others, encourage them to relax, and guide them to a safe place.
Avoid being on heights such as the edge of balconies, windows, roofs, and if you are in a place where you do not know where, you can use large objects such as sofas and open kitchen (triangle of life). The kitchen is not a good place to take refuge due to the presence of heavy and unbalanced objects such as refrigerators. Avoid running aimlessly in the environment you are in and hold children in your arms and protect them with your body.
If you are in crowded places such as clubs, cinemas, shops, etc., avoid rushing to the exit door and quickly get to the walls and columns and protect your head and neck.
What should citizens do if they were outside the building during the earthquake?
Move to the nearest open space and away from old trees, columns and bridges, tall structures and buildings, especially buildings under construction and glass buildings.
Do not stop near masts or electric poles or under cables, and avoid standing along rivers, valleys, and steep slopes where there is a possibility of falling or landslides.
What should citizens do if they were in a car during an earthquake?
Keep calm and slowly drive your car to the side of the road and stop away from dangerous places and do not get out of the car until the end of the tremor. And protect your neck. Never cross bridges, tunnels and passages that are likely to be damaged.
What should people do after an earthquake to do less damage?
Citizens should keep calm and when the tremors are over, they should take their earthquake bags and leave the building quickly and carefully, of course. Even if their building is not destroyed. If possible, cut off the main water and gas valve and the main electricity meter and be prepared for possible aftershocks. Do not be near damaged and destroyed buildings and possible damage to yourself. Check and, if healthy, seek help from others.
Never move people who have suffered serious injuries, especially to the back and neck, unless there is a risk of death or further injury.. Try to be in a safe place around your home to prevent strangers from entering your building. Beware of possible breakage of gas pipes and fire, and turn them off as soon as possible.
Avoid lighting cigarettes, matches, and non-standard flames and electrical appliances inside buildings, and refrain from relying on unstable structures such as fences, guardrails, and loose walls. Do not enter weak and damaged buildings in any way and announce their names and details and their place of residence to the rescue forces.
Take care of other injured people, especially children and the elderly, and if they see a child missing or unaccompanied, hand him over to law enforcement officials to be safe from further dangers.
Before entering a building after an earthquake or hazard, consult with experienced engineers about the strength of the building and the cracks created in the building, especially the condition of the power lines (water, electricity and gas), and immediately whenever they feel the building is unsafe. Get out of it. After the earthquake, and until they have a tent or canopy, stay in your car and in a safe place and avoid aimless traffic in the city.
Avoid turning on flammable heating devices such as oil and gas heaters, especially braziers and charcoal, and if you use electrical appliances, be sure to use standard and suitable appliances. It is better to receive these items from the rescue forces. To avoid the risk of gassing, be sure to leave part of the tent or canopy open for traffic and air circulation.
If a person finds himself under the rubble after the end of an earthquake, keep calm. They will probably find themselves in the middle of darkness and a lot of dust. Try to cover the front of your mouth and nose with the corners of your clothes first to prevent dirt from entering your mouth.
If possible, check your body parts and make sure you are healthy. If you have a fracture or especially bleeding, avoid moving and shaking unnecessarily. If possible, try to get out of that situation or take refuge in a safer corner. To take.
The person left under the rubble does not shout until he is sure of the presence of others and rescue workers. This, as well as a lot of mobility, wastes your energy more and faster.
Keep quiet and listen carefully to others until others come to you. Even close your eyes to use the least amount of energy. If they notice the presence of others, shout to inform them of their presence under the rubble.
With a little searching around, they can find a piece of rock or concrete. Stick it on the pillars and walls around you so that its sound can be heard by others. These blows should be intermittent and irregular so that others notice your presence. Do not strike hard with your hands and feet. Debris may move and fall again.
There are definitely aftershocks after the earthquake. What should citizens do in these situations? What should the authorities do?
Of course, at any time after the earthquake, be aware of the occurrence of aftershocks and be prepared. In addition to the actions that citizens should know and take when necessary, the officials of the relevant agencies should also take care of their duties. In addition to providing the necessary infrastructure before the earthquake, such as providing the necessary training, they must assure citizens that they will always be with them in the event of an earthquake and after, and in providing the necessary necessities of life and facilities, especially housing conditions. There will be no shortage of emergencies and food supplies.
Certainly, the duty of the officials is not only to provide tents and basic necessities, but they must also do their best to build or repair the destroyed houses and provide them with employment and livelihood, while trying to reduce the suffering of the victims. Providing shelters for emergency accommodation of people and also having medical facilities and hospitality and food and beverage. Holding meetings between devices to create interaction and clarity of programs of each device so that in the event of an earthquake, each institution knows its tasks well and acts on them. Perform operational maneuvers with the presence of all devices, maneuvers that are close to reality, not maneuvers that are enough to destroy a few simple walls and bandage the heads and faces of several students.
Certainly, providing the necessary training to the citizens, along with providing infrastructure, can protect our city and country from natural disasters, especially earthquakes. I hope that by implementing these points, which were only a part of the important cases, we will be able to increase our preparedness for these events.
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